Vulgar words in Works of John Bunyan — Complete (Page 1)
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~ ~ ~ Sentence 3,718 ~ ~ ~
But all this while, I was not sensible of the danger and evil of sin; I was kept from considering that sin would damn me, what religion soever I followed, unless I was found in Christ.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 3,790 ~ ~ ~
'One thing I may not omit: There was a young man in our town, to whom my heart before was knit more than to any other, but he being a most wicked creature for cursing, and swearing, and whoring, I now shook him off, and forsook his company; but about a quarter of a year after I had left him, I met him in a certain lane, and asked him how he did; he, after his old swearing and mad way, answered, He was well.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 4,888 ~ ~ ~
'But that which was reported with the boldest confidence, was, that I had my misses, my whores, my bastards, yea, two wives at once, and the like.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 6,354 ~ ~ ~
Take heed, therefore; do not make love thy tormentor, sinner.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 6,714 ~ ~ ~
For might they not thence most rationally conclude, that if Jesus Christ had rather save than damn an harlot, there was encouragement for them [although great sinners] to come to him for mercy.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 7,001 ~ ~ ~
Here is also Rahab the harlot, and Bathsheba, that bare a bastard to David.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 7,427 ~ ~ ~
when therefore thou goest to God, though thou knowest in thy conscience that thou, as to acts, art no thief, no murderer, no whore, no liar, no false swearer, or the like, and in reason must needs understand that thus thou art not so profanely vile as others; yet when thou goest to God for mercy, know no man's sins but thine own, make mention of no man's sins but thine own.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 7,750 ~ ~ ~
His blood, which is the meritorious cause of man's redemption, even the blood of the everlasting covenant, he counteth 'an unholy thing,' or that which has no more virtue in it to save a soul from sin than has the blood of a dog (Heb 10:29).42 For when the apostle says, 'he counts it an unholy thing,' he means, he makes it of less value than that of a sheep or cow, which were clean according to the law; and, therefore, must mean, that his blood was of no more worth to him, in his account, than was the blood of a dog, an ass, or a swine, which always was, as to sacrifices, rejected by the God of heaven, as unholy or unclean.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 7,878 ~ ~ ~
Bunyan most earnestly exhorts the distressed sinner to go direct to the great Shepherd and Bishop of souls, and not to place confidence in those who pretend to be his ministers; but 'who are false shepherds, in so many ugly guises, and under so many false and scandalous dresses;' 'take heed of that shepherd that careth not for his own soul, that walketh in ways, and doth such things, as have a direct tendency to damn his own soul; come not near him.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 8,757 ~ ~ ~
David purposed to make Uriah father his bastard child by making of him drunk (2 Sam 11:13).
~ ~ ~ Sentence 9,049 ~ ~ ~
They come to Him weeping, for they saw that He had conquered them; but they departed weeping, for they saw that He would damn them; yet, as we read in another place, they were very loath to go from Him, by their reasoning and expostulating with Him--'Lord, when saw we Thee an hungred, or athirst, or a stranger, or naked, or sick, or in prison, and did not minister unto Thee?'
~ ~ ~ Sentence 9,281 ~ ~ ~
Yet this I will say unto thee, take heed of that shepherd that careth not for his own soul, that walketh in ways, and doth such things, as have a direct tendency to damn his own soul; I say, take heed of such an one, come not near him, let him have nothing to do with thy soul; for if he be not faithful to that which be his own soul, be sure he will not be faithful to that which is another man's.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 10,664 ~ ~ ~
In sin, you say: true; but it is because there was more virtue in sin to damn, than there was in the blood pleaded by Christ to save; for he pleaded his merit, he put it into the balance against sin; but sin hath weighed down the soul of the sinner to hell, notwithstanding the weight of merit that he did put in against it.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 11,872 ~ ~ ~
And this punishment is so surely entailed to the transgressions that we who believe shall commit, that it is impossible that we should be utterly freed therefrom; insomuch that the apostle positively concludeth them to be bastards, what pretences to sonship soever they have, that are not, for sin, partakers of fatherly chastisements.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 12,368 ~ ~ ~
As if he had said, there is a hell, a terrible hell, and they that come to me I will save them from it; but they that come not, the law will damn them in it.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 12,632 ~ ~ ~
He comes to God to pray for magistrates, and that God would make speed to set them all to that work that is so desirable to his church--that is, to 'hate the whore,' 'to eat her flesh,' to 'make her desolate,' 'and burn her with fire.'
~ ~ ~ Sentence 14,031 ~ ~ ~
Indeed, errors are like that whore of whom you read in the Proverbs, that sitteth in her seat in the high places of the city, "to call passengers who go right on their ways" (Prov 9:13-16).
~ ~ ~ Sentence 14,532 ~ ~ ~
Therefore the man that comes to Christ, is one that hath had deep considerations of his own sins, slighting thoughts of his own righteousness, and high thoughts of the blood and righteousness of Jesus Christ; yea, he sees, as I have said, more virtue in the blood of Christ to save him, than there is in all his sins to damn him.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 15,157 ~ ~ ~
Do they see more worth and merit in one drop of Christ's blood to save them, than in all the sins of the world to damn them?
~ ~ ~ Sentence 15,218 ~ ~ ~
For had he answered the first in truth, he must say, I have been a haunter of taverns and ale-houses; and as for my portion, I spent it in riotous living; my companions were whores and drabs; as for my preferment, the highest was, that I became a hog-herd; and as for my not coming home till now, could I have made shift to have staid abroad any longer, I had not lain at thy feet for mercy now.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 19,062 ~ ~ ~
If God be the God of all grace, then if all the sins in the world were thine, yet the God of all grace can pardon, or else it should seem that sin is stronger in a man penitent, to damn, than the grace of God can be to save.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 21,899 ~ ~ ~
they that dare venture upon him are much the better, for they shall not perish, unless the Saviour will damn them, for he hath the keys of hell and of death.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 22,290 ~ ~ ~
He found more in the blood of Christ to save him than he found in his own corruptions to damn him; but that could not be, had he not paid full price for him, had he not obtained eternal redemption for him.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 22,508 ~ ~ ~
There is no man but is a sinner, there is no sin but would damn an angel, should God lay it to his charge.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 22,537 ~ ~ ~
It opposeth the righteousness of Christ, in that it seeketh itself to stand where should the righteousness of Christ--to wit, in God's affection for the justification of thy person; and this is one of the highest affronts to Christ that poor man is capable to give him: right worthily, therefore, doth the doctrine of the gospel damn the righteousness of men, and promiseth the kingdom of God to publicans and harlots rather.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 23,398 ~ ~ ~
They in the prophet Jeremiah had played the harlot with many lovers, and done evil things as they could; and, as another scripture hath it, gone a-whoring from under their God, yet God calls to them by the prophet, saying, "Wilt thou not from this time cry unto me, My Father, thou art the guide of my youth?"
~ ~ ~ Sentence 24,717 ~ ~ ~
So that if impenitence be added to hardness of heart, or to the beginning of sin which makes it so, it will quickly be with that soul, as is said of the house of Israel, it will have a whore's forehead, it will hardly be brought to shame (Jer 3:3).
~ ~ ~ Sentence 25,213 ~ ~ ~
And again, for your comfort, my brethren, let me tell you that your condition is wondrous safe, in that you are under grace; for, saith he, "Sin shall not have dominion over you"; that is, neither the damning power, neither the filthy power, so as to destroy your souls: "For ye are not under the law"; that is, you are not under that that will damn you for sin; "but" you are "under grace," or stand thus in relation to God, that though you have sinned, yet you shall be pardoned.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 25,384 ~ ~ ~
Let them cry, I will not regard them; let them repent, I will not regard them; they have broken My covenant, and done that in which I delighted not; therefore, by that covenant I do curse, and not bless; damn, and not save; frown, and not smile; reject, and not embrace; charge sin and not forgive it.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 25,488 ~ ~ ~
Ay, and if they do not do the same things, I say, that are impossible for them to do, it is just with God to damn them, seeing it was they themselves that brought themselves into this condition; therefore, saith the Apostle, "What things soever the law (or commands) saith, it saith to them who are under the law; that every mouth may be stopped, and all the world may become guilty before God" (Rom 3:19).
~ ~ ~ Sentence 25,534 ~ ~ ~
then will the law come in, even all the Ten Commandments, with every one of their cries against thy soul; the First saying, He hath sinned against Me, damn him; the Second saying also, He hath transgressed against Me, damn him; the Third also saying the same, together with the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth, Ninth, Tenth; even all of them will discharge themselves against thy soul if thou die under the first covenant, saying, He or they have transgressed against us, damn them, damn them: and I tell thee also, that these ten great guns, the Ten Commandments, will, with discharging themselves in justice against thy soul, so rattle in thy conscience, that thou wilt in spite of thy teeth be immediately put to silence, and have thy mouth stopped.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 25,663 ~ ~ ~
That thou mayest know that God will not damn thee for nothing in the judgment-day.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 25,744 ~ ~ ~
I say, therefore, that God doth hear the cries of His creatures, and doth answer them too, though not as to their eternal state; but may damn them nevertheless when they die for all that.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 25,931 ~ ~ ~
The word "grace," therefore, in this Scripture (Rom 6:14) is to be understood of the free love of God in Christ to sinners, by virtue of the new covenant, in delivering them from the power of sin, from the curse and condemning power of the old covenant, from the destroying nature of sin, by its continual workings; as is all evident if you read with understanding the words as they lie--"For," saith he, "sin shall not have dominion over you," or, it shall not domineer, reign, or destroy you, though you have transgressed against the Covenant of Works, the law; and the reason is rendered in these words, "For ye are not under the law"--that is, under that which accuseth, chargeth, condemneth and brings execution on the soul for sin,--"but under grace"; that is, under that which frees you, forgives you, keeps you, and justifies you from all your sins, adversaries, or whatever may come in to lay anything to your charge to damn you.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 26,239 ~ ~ ~
How, if He had come, having taken a commandment from His Father to damn you, and to send you to the devils in Hell?
~ ~ ~ Sentence 26,755 ~ ~ ~
Therefore they that do finally fall away from a profession of the grace of the Gospel, it is, first, because they are bastards and not sons.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 26,808 ~ ~ ~
Publicans and harlots--that is, whores, cheaters, and exactors--shall enter into the Kingdom of Heaven (1 Tim 1:15; Rom 5:7-11; 1 Cor 6:9,11; Matt 21:31).
~ ~ ~ Sentence 26,892 ~ ~ ~
it sees Hell-fire is prepared for them that sin, God's justice will not spare it if it live in sin; the Law will damn it if it live in sin; the devil will have it if it follows its sins.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 27,555 ~ ~ ~
The devil also he would have me despair, telling of me that Thou art so far from hearing my prayers in this my distress, that I cannot anger Thee worse than to call upon Thee; for saith he, Thou art resolved for ever to damn, and not to grant me the least of Thy favour; yet, Lord, I would fain have forgiveness.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 27,807 ~ ~ ~
But, alas, though I should never sin that sin, yet I have other sins enough to damn me.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 28,020 ~ ~ ~
It appears also by His promises, by His invitations, by His sending forth His messengers to preach the same to poor sinners, and threateneth damnation upon this very account, namely, the neglect of Him; and declares that all the thousands and ten thousands of sins in the world should not be able to damn those that believed in Him; that He would pardon all, forgive and pass by all, if they would but come unto Him; moreover, promiseth to cast out none, no, not the poorest, vilest, contemptiblest creature in the whole world.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 28,751 ~ ~ ~
[17] 'If ye be without chastisement, whereof all are partakers, then are ye bastards, and not sons' (Heb 12:8).
~ ~ ~ Sentence 32,586 ~ ~ ~
Some prefer anything that they fancy, above the soul; a slut, a lie, a pot, an act of fraudulency, the swing of a prevailing passion, anything shall be preferred when the occasion offereth itself.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 32,596 ~ ~ ~
what an ass art thou become to sin?
~ ~ ~ Sentence 33,764 ~ ~ ~
So, in another place, man by nature is compared to the ass, to a wild ass.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 33,765 ~ ~ ~
'For vain or empty man would be wise, though man be born like a wild ass's colt' (Job 11:12).
~ ~ ~ Sentence 33,896 ~ ~ ~
Leave your whoring, says God; I will not, says the sinner.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 34,172 ~ ~ ~
Read Ezekiel 6:9: 'And they that escape of you shall remember me among the nations whither they shall be carried captives, because I am broken with their whorish heart, which have departed from me, and with their eyes, which go a-whoring after their idols: and they shall loathe themselves for the evils which they have committed in all their abominations.'
~ ~ ~ Sentence 34,482 ~ ~ ~
And remember, that those that keep the charge of the Lord when most go a-whoring from under their God, they, when he turns the captivity of his people, shall be counted worthy to come nigh unto him, 'to offer the fat and the blood, saith the Lord God.'
~ ~ ~ Sentence 36,559 ~ ~ ~
It strikes the ear as something beneath the dignity of a hart to bray like an ass.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 37,141 ~ ~ ~
Yea, he sometimes sets forth his love to us, by calling to our mind how sometimes a man loves a woman that is a whore, "Go," (saith God to the prophet) "love a woman beloved of her friend, yet an adulteress, according to the word of the Lord toward the children of Israel, who look to other gods, and love flagons of wine."
~ ~ ~ Sentence 38,177 ~ ~ ~
The protestants in France had more favour formerly, than from their prince they at this time have; yet I doubt not but that God will make that horn also one of them (in his time) that (indeed) shall hate the whore.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 38,229 ~ ~ ~
More generally: And so the many maketh but one great Antichrist, one man of sin, one enemy, one great whore, one son of perdition (2 Thess 2:3; Rev 19:2).
~ ~ ~ Sentence 38,411 ~ ~ ~
'Tis with the world, that are the slaves of Antichrist now, as it is with them that are slaves and captives to a whore: they must come when she calls, run when she bids, fight with and beat them that she saith miscall her, and spend what they can get by labour or fraud upon her, or she will be no more their whore, and they shall be no more her bosom ones.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 38,414 ~ ~ ~
Now they will have no whore to please!
~ ~ ~ Sentence 38,425 ~ ~ ~
And again, 'For true and righteous are his judgments: For he hath judged the great whore, which did corrupt the earth with her fornication, and hath avenged the blood of his servants at her hand' (Rev 19:2).
~ ~ ~ Sentence 38,456 ~ ~ ~
And hence we read that this city falls first in a tenth part thereof, even while nine parts remain yet standing: Nor doth this tenth part, notwithstanding the faith and faithful testimony of the two witnesses, quite fall, until they are slain, and also raised again: For 'tis said, The same hour that the witnesses were raised, the tenth part of the city fell (Rev 11:13): The tenth part of that city that reigneth over the kings of the earth, which city is Sodom, Egypt, Babylon, or the great whore (Rev 17:18).
~ ~ ~ Sentence 38,480 ~ ~ ~
And this will come to pass through the increase of the heat of God's anger: For he is angry with the waters where the woman sitteth, because they have delivered up his beloved to the bloody whore; wherefore, he now will give them blood to drink in fury.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 38,493 ~ ~ ~
Why, I take it to be the mother, the metropolitan, the great whore herself: For though sometimes, by the great whore, or great Babylon, we may understand, the church of Antichrist in general; yet by it is meant more properly, the mother of the daughters, of whose overthrow we have spoken before.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 38,509 ~ ~ ~
Now, if this was the method of God's proceeding with his enemies in the way of his judgments of old, why may we not suppose that he will go the same way with his great enemy now: especially since those judgments mentioned before, were executed upon those, which, in some things, were figures of the great whore.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 38,513 ~ ~ ~
But now, this earthquake, by virtue of which the cities of the nations fall, and as an effect of which great Babylon is come into 'remembrance before God,' neither spares one of the daughters of this whore, nor any man that is a lover of them; but it so is seconded by a 'hail-storm,' and that hail-storm worketh so in wrath, that not one escapes by repentance.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 38,515 ~ ~ ~
I know not wherewith so to compare these hail-stones, as with the talent of lead that was laid over the mouth of the ephah, which was prepared to hold the woman, whose name was wickedness, this very whore of Babylon: For that talent of lead was to keep down this mistress, that she might get no more out of the ephah, and these hail-stone are to banish her out of the world (Zech 5:5-11): Therefore it follows, that she must have the most heavy judgment, even the bottom of the cup.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 38,591 ~ ~ ~
[Enlightened;] to let them see the filthiness of the whore.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 38,653 ~ ~ ~
For as devils have acted towards the world, so shall the sons of this sorceress, and this whore, act towards Christ and his members in the latter days.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 39,034 ~ ~ ~
Pray also that God would make him able to drive away all evil and evil men from his presence; and that he may be a greater countenancer than ever, of them that are holy and good, and wait and believe, that God that has begun his quarrel with Babylon, Antichrist, the mother of Antichrist, the whore; would in his own time, and in his own way, bring her down by the means which he has appointed.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 39,115 ~ ~ ~
And yet has she such a whore's forehead, such a blindness in her judgment, and such an hard and obdurate heart, that it is not possible she should ever repent.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 39,137 ~ ~ ~
But doth this bloody city spill this blood by herself simply, as she is the adulterated whore?
~ ~ ~ Sentence 39,757 ~ ~ ~
Of his riding on an ass also; all this they saw, when they spake of him (John 12:41).
~ ~ ~ Sentence 39,866 ~ ~ ~
Oh the wisdom and goodness of God, that he at this day, should so cast about the worst of our things, even those that naturally tend to sink us, and damn us, for our great advantage!
~ ~ ~ Sentence 40,602 ~ ~ ~
I observe again, that men that are grossly wicked themselves, will yet, with heavy censures and judgments, condemn drunkenness, lying, covetousness, pride, and whoring, with all manner of abominations in others; and yet, in the meantime, continue to be neglecters of God, and embracers of sin and the allurements of the flesh themselves.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 41,464 ~ ~ ~
That is, they have their own conscience, that doth shew them there is a God, and that this God is to be served and obeyed; and the neglect of this will be sure to damn them, though the obedience to the law will not save them, because they are not able to make a full recompense to God for the sins that are past; neither are they able for the time to come, to yield a full, continual, and complete obedience to the law of this almighty, infinite, and eternal God.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 41,933 ~ ~ ~
Then shall all the midnight whore-mongers be laid open with all their sins; Then thou (it may be) who has committed such sins as thou wouldest not have thy neighbour, thy father, thy wife, thy husband, or any one else know of for thousands, then thou shalt have them all laid open, even upon the house tops (Luke 12:3).
~ ~ ~ Sentence 42,113 ~ ~ ~
Then what will become of all the profane, ignorant, scoffers, self-righteous, proud, bastard-professors in the world?
~ ~ ~ Sentence 42,143 ~ ~ ~
Now though he come to drunkards, swearers, whore mongers, thieves, liars, murderers, and covetous persons, in his black colours; yet if he will come to deceive a professing party, he must appear like an angel of light (2 Cor 11:14).
~ ~ ~ Sentence 43,013 ~ ~ ~
To the next thing, where I say, "men's neglecting this light, or law, will be sure to damn them, though their obedience to the law will not save them."
~ ~ ~ Sentence 43,015 ~ ~ ~
To which I answer, as their obedience to the law will not save them, so their neglect of obedience to the law will be sure to damn them; these things thou canst not deny.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 43,017 ~ ~ ~
Because the neglect of the law will be sure to damn them; therefore wouldst thou put poor souls to follow that which will not save them?
~ ~ ~ Sentence 45,591 ~ ~ ~
He stood afar off, not too far off; for that is the room and place of unbelievers, and in this sense that saying is true, "For, lo, they that are far from thee shall perish" (Psa 73:27): That is, they whose unbelief hath set them in their hearts and affections more upon their idols, and that have been made to cast God behind their backs, to follow and go a whoring after them.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 45,689 ~ ~ ~
But, I say, he did it, and sped thereafter; he went down to his house as he came up into the temple, a poor unjustified Pharisee, whose person and prayers were both rejected, because, like the whore of whom we read in the Proverbs, after he had practised all manner of hypocrisy, he comes into the temple "and wipes his mouth, and saith, I have done no wickedness."
~ ~ ~ Sentence 46,483 ~ ~ ~
I will therefore content myself at present with gathering up some few errors, out of those abundance which are in your book; and so leave you to God, who can either pardon these grievous errors, or damn you for your pride and blasphemies.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 46,514 ~ ~ ~
Now he being made the sin which we committed, and the curse which we deserved; there is no more sin nor curse; I mean to be charged by the law, to damn them that shall believe, not that their believing takes away the curse, but puts the soul upon trusting to him, that before purged this guilt, and curse: I say, before he sat down on the right hand of God; not to suspend, as you would have it, but to take away the sin of the world.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 48,086 ~ ~ ~
It hath been the custom of ignorant men much to quarrel at eternal reprobation, concluding, for want of knowledge in the mystery of God's will, that if he reprobate any from eternity, he had as good have said, I will make this man to damn him; I will decree this man, without any consideration, to the everlasting pains of hell.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 49,274 ~ ~ ~
This text some have greatly sought to evade, counting the duty here, on this day to be done, a duty too inferior for the sanction of an old seventh day sabbath; when yet to show mercy to an ass on the old sabbath, was a work which our Lord no ways condemns (Luke 13:15, 14:5).
~ ~ ~ Sentence 49,945 ~ ~ ~
And he the jaw-bone of an ass espied, And took and smote them till a thousand died.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 49,946 ~ ~ ~
Then said he, with an ass's jaw-bone I Have made mine enemies in heaps to lie.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 49,947 ~ ~ ~
Behold I have destroy'd a thousand men With this same worthless ass's jaw.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 50,423 ~ ~ ~
And Issachar is a strong ass between Two burdens crouching, who when he had seen That rest was pleasant, and the land was good, His servile neck unto the yoke he bow'd.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 51,528 ~ ~ ~
Hence note further, That if it be thus dangerous for a man to hearken to a wicked wife, how dangerous is it for any to hearken unto wicked whores, who will seldom yield up themselves to the lusts of beastly men, but on condition they will answer their ungodly purposes!
~ ~ ~ Sentence 51,867 ~ ~ ~
Wherefore the apostle compareth the blood of Abel and the blood of Christ together; but so as by the rule of contraries, making betwixt them a contrary voice, even as there is between a broken command and a promise of grace, the one calling for vengeance and damnation; the other calling for forgiveness and salvation; "the blood of sprinkling it speaketh better things than the blood of Abel" (Heb 12:24); that is, it calls to God to forgive the sinner; but Abel's blood, of the breach of the law, that cries damn them, damn them.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 52,028 ~ ~ ~
Enoch begat Irad, a wild ass; Irad begat Mehujael, one presumptuous above measure, his name signifies, one teaching God.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 52,740 ~ ~ ~
It was so in the days of Noah, when all the world went a whoring from their God, and said, "We desire not the knowledge of thy ways" (Job 21:14).
~ ~ ~ Sentence 52,822 ~ ~ ~
How did Baalam's ass speak!
~ ~ ~ Sentence 53,125 ~ ~ ~
Besides, this supper is the effect of the going forth of the King of kings against the Antichristian whore, whose going forth was at the opening of heaven, as the going forth of the raven was at the opening of the window of the ark (v 11-16).