Vulgar words in Roman Farm Management - The Treatises of Cato and Varro (Page 1)
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~ ~ ~ Sentence 361 ~ ~ ~
_Of stocking the farm_ (X) An olive farm of two hundred and forty _jugera_ (160 acres) ought to be stocked as follows: an overseer, a house keeper, five labourers, three ox drivers, one swineherd, one ass driver, one shepherd; in all thirteen hands: three pair of oxen,[23] three asses with pack saddles, to haul out the manure, one other ass to turn the mill, and one hundred sheep.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 860 ~ ~ ~
: For carrying on an olive farm of two hundred and forty jugera, thirteen slaves are necessary, to-wit: an overseer, a housekeeper, five labourers, three teamsters, an ass driver, a swineherd and a shepherd: for carrying on a vineyard of one hundred jugera, fifteen slaves are necessary, to-wit: an overseer, a housekeeper, ten labourers, a teamster, an ass driver and a swineherd.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 880 ~ ~ ~
"Cato adds," resumed Scrofa, "that on his olive farm there are required three asses to haul out the manure and one to turn the mill, and on his hundred jugera vineyard a yoke of oxen and a pair of asses for the manure, and an ass for the wine press."
~ ~ ~ Sentence 894 ~ ~ ~
For an ass is cheaper to feed than a cow, though a cow is more profitable.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 1,278 ~ ~ ~
On this account the asses of Arcadia are celebrated in Greece, as are those of Reate in Italy, so that I remember an ass that brought sixty thousand sesterces, and a four-in-hand team at Rome that was held at four hundred thousand.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 1,597 ~ ~ ~
Mules and hinnies are mongrels and grafts as it were on a stock of a different species, for a mule is got by an ass out of a mare, and a hinny by a horse out of a she ass.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 1,599 ~ ~ ~
For this purpose it is the custom to put a newborn ass colt to nurse to a mare because mares' milk will make it more vigorous: it is considered better than asses' milk, or indeed than any other kind of milk.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 1,602 ~ ~ ~
An ass raised in this way is fit to get mules when he is three years old, nor will he contemn the mares because he has become used to their kind.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 1,604 ~ ~ ~
"If you have no ass foal to have brought up by a mare and you wish a breeding jackass, you should buy the largest and handsomest you can find; the best breed, as the ancients said, was that of Arcadia, but nowadays we who know maintain that the breed of Reate is best: where breeding jacks have brought thirty and even forty thousand sesterces ($1,800-$2,000).
~ ~ ~ Sentence 1,612 ~ ~ ~
"The get of a horse out of a she ass is called a hinny: he is smaller in the body and usually redder in colour than a mule, and has ears like a horse, but mane and tail like an ass.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 1,751 ~ ~ ~
"Since it appears that I do not know what a villa is," replied Appius, smiling, "I wish you would be good enough to instruct me, so that I may not make a fool of myself, as I am planning to buy from M. Seius his villa at Ostia: for if a mere house is not a villa unless it is equipped with a jackass costing forty thousand sesterces ($2,000), like that you showed me at your place, I fear that I would be making a mistake in buying Seius' house on the shore at Ostia in the belief that it is a villa.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 1,754 ~ ~ ~
"Do you consider," said Merula, "that your house on the bank of Velinus, which neither painter nor architect has ever seen, is any less a villa than the one you have in Rosea so elegantly decorated with the work of an architect and which you share with your famous jackass?"
~ ~ ~ Sentence 2,916 ~ ~ ~
Axius' jackass thus cost $2,000, while Seius' income from his villa was $2,500 per annum, that of Varro's aunt from her aviary was $3,000, and that of Axius from his farm $1,500.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 3,094 ~ ~ ~
Neighbourhood, considerations of, in locating farm Neighbours, treatment of one's _Nummus_, a "nickel," _Nundinum_, the Roman week Nurseries, protection of Nuts, eating preserved O Oaks, effect of, on olive trees _Oboerati_, class of bondservants called _Ocinum_, basil Oil, manufacture of, from olives Oil-making implements Olive farm, number of hands for working an Olives, allowances of, for farm hands reasons for growth in Attica effect of oaks in neighbourhood of advice on planting propagating from truncheons harvesting of methods of preserving eating preserved Olive salad Onager, wild ass Orchards laying out and planting of olive _Ornithones_ _See_ Aviaries Ortolans, houses for keeping Overseer duties of the location of room of Ovid, quoted Oxen selling of worn-out comparison of horses and care of hoofs of treatment of sick number of, suitable for a farm qualities of, to be considered breaking of respect in which held by ancient Romans P Palladius quoted on the Gallic harvester _Palma_, palm Partridges Pastures care of _vs_.