Vulgar words in The Flourishing of Romance and the Rise of Allegory - (Periods of European Literature, vol. II) (Page 1)
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~ ~ ~ Sentence 606 ~ ~ ~
Some of the material--_Huon of Bordeaux_, the _Four Sons of Aymon_, and others--retained a certain vogue in forms quite different, and gave later ages the inexact and bastard notion of "Charlemagne Romance" which has been referred to.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 747 ~ ~ ~
The next fact--one almost more interesting, inasmuch as it bears on that community of Romance tongues of which we have evidence in Dante,[24] and perhaps also makes for the antiquity of the Charlemagne story in its primitive form--is the existence of _chansons_ in Italian, and, it may be added, in a most curious bastard speech which is neither French, nor Provençal, nor Italian, but French Italicised in part.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 1,099 ~ ~ ~
The fact is that it is precisely the _beauté formelle_, assisted as it is by the peculiar spirit of which so much has been said already, which constitutes the beauty of these poems: and that these characteristics are present, not of course in uniform measure, but certainly in the great majority of the _chansons_ from _Roland_ to the _Bastard_.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 2,839 ~ ~ ~
France could point to the _chansons_ and to the _romances_, to Audefroy le Bastard and Chrestien of Troyes, to Villehardouin and Thibaut, to William of Lorris and John of Meung, to the _fabliaux_ writers and the cyclists of _Renart_, in justification of her claims.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 4,164 ~ ~ ~
Audefroy le Bastard, 275.