Vulgar words in Babylonian and Assyrian Laws, Contracts and Letters (Page 1)
This book at a glance
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~ ~ ~ Sentence 286 ~ ~ ~
Ass._ _Revue d'Assyriologie._ Professors J. Oppert and E. Ledrain.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 980 ~ ~ ~
If a man has bought or received on deposit from a minor or a slave, either silver, gold, male or female slave, ox, ass, or sheep, or anything else, except by consent of elders, or power of attorney, he shall be put to death for theft.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 982 ~ ~ ~
If a patrician has stolen ox, sheep, ass, pig, or ship, whether from a temple, or a house, he shall pay thirtyfold.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 1,405 ~ ~ ~
If a veterinary surgeon has treated an ox, or an ass, for a severe injury, and cured it, the owner of the ox, or the ass, shall pay the surgeon one-sixth of a shekel of silver, as his fee.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 1,407 ~ ~ ~
If he has treated an ox, or an ass, for a severe injury, and caused it to die, he shall pay one-quarter of its value to the owner of the ox, or the ass.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 1,446 ~ ~ ~
If a man has hired an ox, or an ass, and a lion has killed it in the open field, the loss falls on its owner.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 1,483 ~ ~ ~
If a man has intrusted ox or ass to ... [Passage mutilated.]
~ ~ ~ Sentence 1,485 ~ ~ ~
If he has lost the ox, or ass, given to him, he shall restore ox for ox, and ass for ass to its owner.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 1,497 ~ ~ ~
If he has hired an ass, for threshing, its hire is ten _ḲA_ of corn.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 2,100 ~ ~ ~
In case of loss caused by neglect or ill-treatment of hired property, or of goods deposited or intrusted, or by want of care in treating diseased limbs, restitution, goods for goods, ox for ox, ass for ass, _et cetera_, was ordered.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 2,278 ~ ~ ~
(211) Ilushu-abushu hired a pack-ass, _imer bilti_, of Ardi-Sin and Ṣilli-Ishtar and lost it.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 3,987 ~ ~ ~
It consisted of an ass worth fifty shekels, thirty-six shekels for its keep, twelve coats, twelve breastplates (?
~ ~ ~ Sentence 5,621 ~ ~ ~
Here is a specimen list of asses which gives some prices:(780) One male working ass for one and a half minas seven shekels, one she-ass for thirty-seven shekels, a second she-ass for one mina, a third she-ass for one royal mina, a fourth she-ass for thirty-two shekels, in all five and a half minas two shekels.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 7,480 ~ ~ ~
_See_ Children, Wife: disinheriting a son, 58, 168, 169 giving dowry to a daughter, votary of Marduk, 59, 60 rights, duties, and responsibilities of, 148 _sq._ Father-in-law: and son-in-law not to quarrel over the marriage-portion, 72, E if guilty of incest, 56, 155, 156 responsibilities of, to intended son-in-law, 57, 159-161 Fees, to surgeon: for limb or bowels cured, five shekels of silver, 63, 221 for same on plebeian, three shekels of silver, 63, 222 for same on slave, two shekels of silver, 63, 223 for serious operation on cataract, ten shekels of silver, 63, 215 for same on plebeian, five shekels of silver, 63, 216 for same on man's slave, two shekels of silver, 63, 217 for storage of corn, 53, 120, 121 to builder, two shekels of silver for each SAR built on, 63, 228 to builder of boat, sixty GUR per man, two shekels of silver, 64, 234 to veterinary, for curing ox or ass, one-sixth shekel of silver, 63, 224 Field.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 7,486 ~ ~ ~
_See_ Labor, Wages: by king's standard, 49, 51 of boat, 3 ŠE of silver _per diem_, 67, 275; fast boat, 2-1/2 ŠE of silver _per diem_, 67, 276; freight-boat of 60 GUR, 67, 277 of slave, adjustment of wages, 271 of slave, 271 wages or hire fixed for: artisan, 5 ŠE of silver _per diem_, 67, 274 ass for threshing, 10 ḲA of corn _per diem_, 66, 269 boatman, 6 GUR of corn _per annum_, 64, 239 builder, (?)
~ ~ ~ Sentence 7,488 ~ ~ ~
ŠE of silver _per diem_, 67, 274 tailor, 5 ŠE of silver _per diem_, 67, 274 wages and time limit, 272, 273 wagon alone, 40 ḲA of corn _per diem_, 272 working ox, 4 GUR of corn _per annum_, 65, 242 young animal for threshing, 1 ḲA of corn _per diem_, 66, 270 Hiring, risks in: bull, known to be vicious, kills freeman, one-half mina of silver, 62, 251 bull, known to be vicious, kills slave, one-third mina of silver, 62, 252 bull, mad and gores, the owner free, 65, 250 ox, broken horn or torn muzzle or tail cut off, quarter the value of ox, 65, 248 ox, cut or broken leg, ox for ox, 65, 246 ox, died from the elements, on affidavit man is free, 65, 249 ox gored to death or killed by blows, ox for ox, 65, 245 ox, loses an eye, half the value of ox, 65, 247 ox or ass killed by lion in open field, owner's risk, 65, 244 slave killed, one-third mina of silver, 65, 252 Hostage for debt.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 7,512 ~ ~ ~
_See_ Hire: horse killed, at God's hand, 65, 249 loss by lightning or lion, on herdsman's oath, 66, 266 ox or ass, killed in open field, 65, 244 Palace: its relation to the priesthood, 211 _sq._ place for archives, 322 title for the royal state authority, 61, 187, 192, 193 Partnership: a manufacturing, 292 dissolution of, 288, 291 its earliest appearance, 287 its evidence in Assyrian literature, 290 later Babylonian, 290, 291 its ideogram, 287-289 its relation to capital, 288 old commercial custom, 290 partnership documents, 288 _sq._ powers of attorney, for protection, 292 reckonings, 291 Patrician, highest class in the state, 74 _sq._ Penalties: as demanded for wrong-doing, 96 blood vengeance commuted, 116 for adultery, 117, 118 for perjury in courts of law, 94, 95 imprisoned and bailed out, 117 in courts of law, 94 to prevent failure in contract, 233 woman thrown from a pillar, 140 Penalty due for.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 7,513 ~ ~ ~
_See_ Retaliation, Fines: adultery by a wife, strangling, 54, 129 adultery, drowning, 54, 133 death of hostage slave, one-third of a mina of silver, 52, 116 fatal assault on pregnant woman, death of his daughter, 62, 209 imprudent speech, tongue cut out, 61, 192, 150 incest, mother and son burnt, 56, 157 incest, banished the city, 56, 156 incest, half mina of silver and the marriage-portion, 56, 156 incest, strangling, 56, 155 incest, the man cut off from his father's house, 56, 158 incest, woman drowned, 56, 155 on brander for branding without leave, hands cut off, 63, 226; if deceived, accused is free, 63, 227 son for striking father, hands cut off, 61, 194 slave for striking freeman's privates, ear cut off, 62, 205 veterinary, for loss of ox or ass, one-fourth of its value, 63, 225 wet-nurse for neglect, breasts cut off, 61, 194 permanent injury in a quarrel, pay the doctor, 62, 206 rape of betrothed, death, 54, 130 slander, forehead branded, 52, 127 striking a superior's privates, 60 blows of ox-hide scourge, 62, 202 undutifulness and slander, 55, 143 unnatural conduct, eyes torn out, 61, 193, 150 unsuccessful operation by surgeon, hands cut off, 63, 218; same on slave, slave for slave, 63, 219; loss of slave's eye, half his value, 63, 220 Perjury: in capital trial, has death penalty, 44, 3 in civil case, gives damages, 44, 4, 45, 13, 94 Phrase-books: Babylonian, 8 their plan, 8, 9 Pillar, thrown from, a penalty, 140 Pin-money, gift to a wife, 132, 221 Plaintiff, his position in a case, 88, 89 Plebeian, poor man, between patrician and slave: abduction of slave from, 45, 15 assault by, 62, 204, 208 cheaper divorce, 55, 140 fees paid by, 62, 208, 63, 222 harboring fugitive slave, 45, 16 slave-owner, 45, 15, 59, 175, 176 theft from, 45, 8 value of eye or limb, one mina of silver, 62, 198 value of tooth, one-third mina of silver, 62, 201 Pledges and guarantees.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 7,520 ~ ~ ~
_See_ Mancipium: of maid, held for debt, 53, 119 Refusal: by slave to name his owner, 46, 18 of conjugal rights, 55, 142 Registration: by the master of the house, 128 guarantee of ancestry, 128 of birth, marriage, and death, 128 Remarriage: marriage-portion goes to the children, 59, 173, 174 of divorced woman, 55, 141 of widow, 59, 173 Remission of penalty, 54, 129 Rent: average, made payable, 48, 42, 43, 49, 55, 50, 62, 65 five ḲA of corn on each GUR of corn, 53, 121 for storage of corn, 53, 121 of garden plot, 50, 60, 61, 62 of unbroken land, on three-year lease, 48, 44 on garden plot, ten GUR of corn for each GAN of land, 50, 63 paid at harvest-time, 48, 47 payments in kind, 48, 47, 49 ten GUR of corn for each GAN of land, 48, 44 wrought on shares, 50, 64, 65 Repatriation of slave, 67, 280, 281 Repudiation: of adoptive parents, 61, 192 of father by son, 41, I of husband by wife, 42, V, 138, 142 of mother by son, 41, II of wife by husband, 42, VI, 138, 142 Responsibility in service: of employer, 42, VII of tenant farmer, and neglect punished, 65, 253-256 Restitution, compensation, damages, reimbursement: accident, builder gives slave for slave, 64, 231 boatman must restore the weak boat, 64, 235; must restore the lost boat, 64, 236; must restore boat and cargo, 64, 237 builder must rebuild, 64, 232 builder of unkeyed wall must rebuild, 64, 233 considered as an ancient custom, 98 death in highway robbery, one mina of silver to relatives, 46, 24 depreciation of property, make it good from the corn hoed, 65, 254 diminishing ox or sheep, give up to the agreements, 66, 264 embezzlement of goods, sheep or ox, tenfold return, 66, 265 fatal operation on slave, slave for slave, 63, 219 fivefold by carrier for goods lost, stolen, or appropriated, 45, 12, 52, 112 loss made good, if herdsman at fault, 66, 267 loss of goods, goods for goods, 64, 231 owner of boat in collision responsible for boat and cargo, 64, 240 ox gored, ox for ox, 65, 246 ox injured seriously, ox for ox, 65, 246 ox or ass lost, restore ox or ass, 66, 263 _shadduf_, or plough, three shekels of silver, 66, 260 simple, 44, 4, 5, 8, 45, 9, 10, 12 sixfold for overcharging agent, 51, 107 tenfold for theft by poor man, 44, 8 thirtyfold for theft by patrician, 44, 8 threefold for cheating principal, 51, 106 twelvefold for false sentence by judge, 44, 5 twofold for goods in store, 53, 120, 124, 126 twofold for pretence of losing goods, 53, 126 watering machine stolen, five shekels of silver to owner, 66, 259 Retaliation.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 7,528 ~ ~ ~
_See_ Assault, Fines: of father by son, 61, 195, 149 Suitor: his relation to bride's parents, 123 rejected, his rights, 57, 160 rejected through calumny by comrade, 57, 161 refuses to marry, 57, 159 Suits of many kinds, 102-107 Suits at law: damages for loss and breach of trust, 107 deposit, 106 family dispute, 104 forged will, 106 for income, 102, 103, 104 gift, 103 house, 104 inheritance, 103, 106 land, 104 legacy, 106 loss of hired ass, 106 over adoption, 106 partnership, 102 property, 102, 103, 104 rent, 106 theft of a bull, 107 theft of four slaves, 107 title to garden, 105 vexatious persecution, 104, 107 Summons to appear in court, 53, 127 Surgeon: operations and fees, 63, 215, 223.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 7,656 ~ ~ ~
M62 Witchcraft and the ordeal by water M63 False witness in capital suit M64 In civil case M65 Judgment once given not to be altered M66 Burglary and acceptance of stolen goods M67 Dealings with irresponsible persons M68 Theft M69 Procedure in case of the discovery of lost property M70 Judgment by default M71 Kidnapping M72 Abduction of slave M73 Harboring a fugitive slave M74 The capture of a fugitive slave M75 Burglary M76 Highway robbery M77 Theft at a fire M78 Duties and privileges of an officer over the levy M79 Rights and duties of his son M80 Penalty for neglect of his benefice M81 His ransom, if captured M82 Duties of district governors M83 Governors not to oppress subordinates M84 The benefice of a levy-master, warrant-officer, or tributary inalienable M85 Not to be bequeathed to his family M86 The obligation resting upon a buyer of real estate M87 A benefice not to be exchanged M88 Responsibilities of land-tenants M89 The rent of unbroken land M90 Loss of crop by storm apportioned between landlord and tenant M91 Landlord cannot restrain a satisfactory tenant from subletting M92 Abatement of debt on account of storm, flood, or drought M93 Rights in a crop pledged for debt M94 Riparian responsibilities M95 Penalty for neglect to shut off water M96 Damage done to growing crop by sheep M97 Cutting down a tree without permission M98 Rent of a garden-plot M99 Garden rented on shares M100 Obligations of owner to gather a date-crop assigned for debt M101 Eviction of house-tenant M102 Acceptance of goods in payment of debt, in default of money or corn M103 Responsibility of a travelling salesman M104 Robbery, substantiated by oath, a valid excuse M105 Responsibility to be indicated by legal receipts M106 Punishment of fraud of an agent M107 Fraud practiced by principal M108 Fraud in ordinary drink-traffic M109 Connivance at unlawful assemblages M110 Drink-traffic forbidden to votaries M111 Rate of payment with produce M112 Carrier's liability for misappropriation of goods M113 Unauthorized seizure of goods denied a creditor M114 Punishment of vexatious distraint M115 Creditor responsible for fair treatment of a man held as security for debt M116 Limitations on the holding of such hostages M117 Responsibility of owners of warehouses M118 Rate of payment for storage of corn M119 Receipt for deposit of valuables M120 Responsibility of bankers M121 Their own losses no excuse M122 Depreciation of property M123 Slander of votary or married woman M124 Marriage-bonds M125 Punishment of flagrant adultery M126 Rape of a betrothed virgin M127 Suspicion of adultery cleared by oath M128 Ordeal of water permissible to accused wife M129 Rights and duties of the wives of those who have been taken captive in war M130 Right of a deserted wife to remarry M131 Rights of a divorced woman who has borne children M132 Rights of a divorced woman who is childless M133 Status of a worthless wife M134 Status of a wife who repudiates her husband M135 Marriage with a votary M136 A votary's rights against a maid assigned to her husband M137 Status of a wife afflicted with a disease M138 Wife's right to property deeded to her by her husband M139 Marital responsibility for ante-nuptial debts M140 Connivance at husband's murder by a wife M141 Incest with own daughter M142 Incest with daughter-in-law M143 Incest with mother M144 Incest with step-mother M145 Penalty for breach of promise M146 Rights of a rejected suitor M147 Slandering rival not to profit by his calumny M148 Disposal of a wife's marriage-portion M149 Effect upon the inheritance of a father's gift to a favorite son M150 Reservation of a bride-price for a young unmarried brother M151 Inheritance of children in case of two fruitful marriages M152 Disinheritance of a son M153 Status of children by a slave-woman M154 The rights of a widow in personal property M155 Her rights in the home M156 Dower rights of her children by second marriage M157 Property rights of the children of slave-father and free mother M158 Property rights of the young children of a widow who remarries M159 The property rights of a votary M160 Her right to convey property M161 Her right of inheritance M162 Her proportion of her father's property M163 Additional privileges of votary of Marduk of Babylon M164 Rights of a daughter by a concubine, if provided for by father on marriage M165 If not so provided for by father M166 Adoption of natural son M167 Adoption of child of living parents M168 Responsibilities of a craftsman to his adopted child M169 Rights of inheritance of an adopted son M170 Obligations on discarding an adopted son M171 Punishment for the repudiation of adoptive parents M172 Penalty of substituting one infant for another M173 Assault on a father M174 Graded penalties for assault and battery M175 Brutal assault M176 Fatal assault M177 Assaults upon pregnant women M178 Gradation of surgeon's fees M179 Penalties for unskilful operations M180 Cure of limb or bowel M181 Fees for the treatment of the diseases of animals M182 Brander's liabilities M183 Builder's fee and liabilities for bad workmanship M184 Boatmen's fees and liabilities M185 Hire of boats M186 Responsibility of boatmen carrying goods M187 Law of collision M188 Working ox not to be distrained M189 Hire of oxen and cows M190 Liability for loss of ox or ass by accident M191 Compensation for loss of ox by ill-treatment M192 Responsibility for unavoidable accidents to a hired ox M193 Death by goring, accidental M194 Responsibility for a vicious ox M195 Responsibility of a tenant farmer M196 Wages of laborers M197 Theft of agricultural instruments M198 Wages of herdsmen M199 Their liability M200 Hire of animals for threshing M201 Hire of wagon, oxen, and driver M202 Graded wages of day-laborers M203 Wages of artisans M204 Hires of various boats M205 Compensation for defect discovered in a slave after sale M206 Manumission of native slaves taken captive and bought back by travelling merchant M207 Of foreign slaves M208 Punishment for repudiating a master M209 General character of the Ḥammurabi Code M210 Bibliography M211 Agent not able to recover without power of attorney M212 Responsibility of one who sells M213 Permanent settlements at marriage between father of bride and the bridegroom M214 Inheritance rights of children of second marriage M215 Procedure in case the father-in-law is unable to carry out his promise of dowry M216 Marriage-portion of childless wife M217 Rights of inheritance of a childless widow M218 The rights of a widow with children in case of re-marriage M219 Division of the estate of a man twice married M220 The three great classes of the population: the gentry, the common men, and the slaves 62 § 15.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 8,230 ~ ~ ~
Ass., III., p. 140.
~ ~ ~ Sentence 8,423 ~ ~ ~
Ass._, iv., p. 13 f. 645 Much earlier plans will be found, pp.